For peptide researchers, the key question is not simply what VIP is, but how intranasal delivery may influence absorption, stability, receptor interaction, and experimental outcomes
In PD, iron levels are elevated in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and correlate positively with disease severity, suggesting that iron, as a potent reductant, induces lipid peroxidation leading to ferroptosis (Mochizuki et al., 2020
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To perform the Comet assay, each sample was mixed with low melting-point agarose at 37C to a final concentration of 0.5%