Together, these forces erode mitochondrial function, damage DNA, and slowly push cells toward dysfunction and death [38, 39]
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[DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 251.Xiao C., Wu Q., Xie Y., Zhang J., Tan J
They observed that metformin could downregulate the expression of MMP-9/MMP-2 and mTOR while upregulating the expression of protein kinase B and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), thereby inhibiting ovarian granulosa cells dysfunction and promoting their recovery of follicle function ( in vitro studies utilizing human granulosa tumor-derived cell models demonstrates that metformin intervention effectively downregulates multiple components of the LPS-activated inflammatory cascade, including LPS-induced miR-670-3p , NOX2 , NLRP3 , ASC , and GSDMD-N , as well as reducing cellular caspase-1 activity, ROS production, and secretion of inflammatory factors