Many neuropsychiatric symptoms may be substance-induced or represent independent comorbidities documentation must distinguish between the two per FY2026 Official Guidelines Section I.C.5
Table 5 shows the median total cigarette smoking prevalence in 1996 and 2012 and the annualized rate of decline in total cigarette smoking prevalence over this period among counties in each income quintile (defined in terms of income in 1996)
Hartmann-Boyce J, McRobbie H, Butler AR, Lindson N, Bullen C, Begh R, et al
For example, previous work has shown that people who smoke hold compensatory health beliefs, i.e., beliefs that one can compensate for the negative effects of smoking by engaging in healthy behaviors ( 35,36 ), which can in part explain continued tobacco consumption despite known adverse health effects